Evolutionary perpective in modern medicine

Evolutionary biology has provided us with a much better understanding of the development of organisms and how they have evolved. Among these organisms are bacteria of which we know the structure, adaptations, and limits of several of them. We also have a better understanding of the structural evolution of the human body and how we evolved to walk upright (especially with the new discovery of Ardi). Thus it seems logical that an evolutionary perspective in modern medicine would have a positive impact.
If doctors have a better understanding of how certain bacteria evolved and what are their limitations, they can better treat diseases caused by such organism. Furthermore, if doctors have an evolutionary perspective with regard to the development and evolution of the human body, they can perhaps find better treatments for people with physical disabilities. Just as mechanics have to learn the components of an engine and how it transitioned from a small engine with a few cylinders to a large engine with several cylinders, doctors need to also know the components of the body and how specific structures developed and evolved in order to be able to provide care to it.

Evolution of Bipedalism and an Enlarged Brain

There are several forces or adaptations that led to the evolution of bipedalism, such as physical changes on the environment that leading to a longer search time of food across longer distances. Also, the ability to move faster and carry objects such as food or tools. Furthermore, it is believed that bipedalism evolved for a better reproductive success and because less surface area of the body is indirect contact with the sun, thus allows cooling more rapidly and efficiently.
The forces that lead to the evolution of a larger brain are believed to be linked to interactions between our ancestors in complex groups. These interactions include communication among them which lead to the development of language. Moreover, their ability of free hand movement lead to the ability to performed many different more complex activities and some of them at the same time. In order for this to be able to be achieved an enlarged brain must have evolved.

The Ancestor's Tale

In the The Ancestor’s Tale, Dawkins describes two misconceptions (which he refers to them as temptations) of the history of evolution. The first temptation is that historians tend to search for patterns in the history of evolution that tend to repeat themselves. The second temptation deals with the conceit of hindsight and with what Dawkins calls the “vanity of the present.” The misconception is that historians/individuals tend to believe that the past works to deliver the present and that evolution has reached a “perfect” state and evolution is finished. I personally believe that evolution will most likely never end, but if there is an end point I believe that there is a long way to go before evolution finally reaches an end point. We must avoid such temptations and remain objective when recording the history of evolution.
Moreover, Dawkins describes the Templeton’s method in determining the timing and history of migration from Africa which was based in the concept of tracing conserved segments of a genome referred to as haplotypes. Furthermore the Y-Chromosome Adam (all male lineage) and mtDNA eve (all female lineage), which are part of the same MCRA, where also used by scientist to determine the timing and history of human migration. From this, the idea of three migrations arose, and idea which Dawkins supports. However, Dawkins also believes that the entire story of the evolution of human is not known and that many more recent ancestors may still be found.